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Present Value
Present value describes how much a future sum of money is worth today.
The formula for present value is:
PV = CF/(1+r)n
Where:
CF = cash flow in future period
r = the periodic rate of return or interest (also called the discount rate or the required rate of return)
n = number of periods
Example :
Assume that you would like to put money in an account today to make sure your child has enough money in 10 years to buy a car. If you would like to give your child 10,00,000 in 10 years, and you know you can get 5% interest per year from a savings account during that time, how much should you put in the account now?
PV = 10,00,000/ (1 + .05)10 = 6,13,913/-
Thus, 6,13,913 will be worth 10,00,000 in 10 years if you can earn 5% each year. In other words, the present value of 10,00,000 in this scenario is 6,13,913.
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Future Value
The value of an asset or cash at a specified date in the future that is equivalent in value to a specified sum today. There are two ways to calculate FV:
1) For an asset with simple annual interest: = Original Investment x (1+(interest rate*number of years))
2) For an asset with interest compounded annually: = Original Investment x ((1+interest rate)^number of years)
Example:
1) 10,000 invested for 5 years with simple annual interest of 10% would have a future value of
FV = 10000(1+(0.10*5))
= 10000(1+0.50)
= 10000*1.5
= 15000
2) 10,000 invested for 5 years at 10%, compounded annually has a future value of :
FV = 10000(1+0.10)^5)
= 10000(1.10)^5
= 10000*1.61051
= 16105.10
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