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Legal & Regulatory Aspects of Banking

Unit – 14 : Laws Relating to Bill Finance


Classification of Bills


Inland Bills : Bills drawn or made in India and made payable in, or drawn upon any person resident in India. It may be made payable in a foreign country.

Foreign Bills: Bills drawn outside India and made payable in or drawn upon any person resident in any country outside India / resident in India

Demand Bills: Section 19 : It is an instrument payable on demand and no time for payment is specified therein. Demand Bill is otherwise called sight bill.

Usance Bills: Bill Payable after sight : a bill payable otherwise than on demand. It specifies normally a time for payment of the value it represents.

Clean Bills: is a bill of exchange drawn as per requirements of NI Act and is not supported by documents of title of goods.

Documentary Bills: A bill of exchange accompanying documents of title of goods. These bills are drawn to claim price of goods supplied. 

  • Bills drawn with an instruction to deliver against payment/D.P. Bills - In a transaction of supply of goods, a seller draws a bill on the buyer and sends the same to his banker along with document of title of goods like bill of lading etc. The seller instructs the banker to deliver the bill and documents of title of goods only when buyer pays the price of goods.
  • Bills drawn with instruction to deliver against acceptance / D.A.Bills – An usuance bill supported by document of title of goods bearing an instruction that the documents can be delivered, if the buyer accept the bill of exchange


Various Categories Of Bill Finance


Bill Purchase facility is granted in the case of demand bills

Bill Discount is granted in the case of usance bills

Advance against Bills for Collection: When the bank advances against the bills, which are in course of collection, the facility is known as advance against bills for collection.

 

NI Act 1881

Section

Description

5

Bill of exchange is defined as “ instrument in writing containing an unconditional
order signed by maker directing a certain person to pay certain sum of money only
to, or to the order of a certain person or to the bearer thereof

7

Drawer, Drawee and Payee

8

Holder of Bill of exchange means a person entitled in his name to possess the bill
and recover the amount presented by Bill.

9

Holder in Due Course means any person who for consideration become the
possessor of the bill

10

Payment in Due Course means payment in accordance with tenor of the bill of
exchange to the holder or holder in due course in good faith and without negligence

11

Inland bills

12

Foreign Bills

14

Negotiation : When a bill is transferred to any person so as to entitle him to claim
the amount represented by bill, then such transfer is called Negotiation

15

Endorsement: If the holder of instrument signs the bill of exchange for the purpose
of transferring it, such signing is called Endorsement.

19

Demand Bills

30

Liability of Drawer

32

Liability of Acceptor/Drawee of Bill

35

Liability of Endorser

79

Interest rate specified

80

Interest when no rate is specified

 

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